| APHPD 004 | APHPD 100 | APHPD 300 | |
| PD1 Buffer | 1.5 ml | 30 ml | 90 ml | 
| PD2 Buffer | 1.5 ml | 30 ml | 90 ml | 
| PD3 Buffer | 1.5 ml | 40 ml | 120 ml | 
| PDW Buffer (concentrate) | 1.3 ml | 35 ml | 98 ml | 
| Wash Buffer (concentrate) | 1.0 ml | 20 ml | 50 ml | 
| Elution Buffer | 0.5 ml | 15 ml | 35 ml | 
| PD Column | 4 pcs | 100 pcs | 300 pcs | 
| Collection Tube | 4 pcs | 100 pcs | 300 pcs | 
| RNase A (Lyophilized) | 0.15 mg | 3 mg | 9 mg | 
| User Manual | 1 | 1 | 1 | 

※ Principle : mini spin column (silica matrix)
※ Sample size : 1 ~ 5 ml
※ Size of plasmid or construct : < 15 kb
※ Operation time : < 25 minutes
※ Typical Yield : 25 ~ 40 µg
※ Binding capacity : 60 µg/ column
※ Column applicability : centrifugation and vaccum
Important Notes:
※ Store RNase A at -20 °C upon recipit of kit.
※ Add 0.5 ml of PD1 Buffer to a RNase A tube, Dissolve the RNase A by vortexing. Briefly spin the tube and transfer the total RNase A mixture back to the PD1 bottle, mix well by vortexing and store the PD1 buffer at 4 °C.
※ If precipitates have formed in PD2 Buffer, warm the buffer in 37°C waterbath to dissolve precipitates.
※ Preparation of PDW Buffer and Wash Buffer by adding 96 ~100% ethanol (not provided) for first use.
※ Centrifugation steps are done by a microcentrifuge capable of the speed at 11,000 ~1,8000 x g.
| Problems | Possible reasons | Solutions | 
| Low yield | Bacterial cells were not lysed completely | Too many bacterial cells were used (OD600 > 10). Separate the bacterial culture into multiple tubes. 
 After PD3 Buffer addition, break up the precipitate by inverting to ensure higher yield. | 
| Overgrown of bacterial cells | Incubation time should not be longer than 16 hours. | |
| Bacterial cells were insufficient | Ensure that bacterial cells have grown to an expected amount (OD600 > 1) after incubation under suitable shaking modes. | |
| Incorrect DNA elution step | Ensure that Elution Buffer was added and absorbed to the center of the PD Column matrix. | |
| Incomplete DNA Elution | If the size of DNA fragments is larger than 10 kb, use a preheated Elution Buffer (60~70°C) on the solution step to improve the elution efficiency. | |
| Ensure that the correct volume of ethanol (96 ~ 100 %) was added to PDW Buffer and Wash Buffer before use. | ||
| Eluted DNA does not perform well 
 | Residual ethanol contamination | After Wash Step, dry the PD Column with an additional centrifugation at top speed (~18,000 x g) for 5 minutes or incubation at 60°C for 5 minutes. | 
| Genomic DNA Contamination | Lysate prepared improperly | Gently invert the tube after adding the PD2 Buffer. And the incubation time should not be longer than 5 minutes. 
 Do Not use overgrown bacterial culture. | 
| RNA Contamination Plasmid DNA | Insufficiency of RNase A activity in PD1 Buffer because of long-term storage | Prior to using PD1 Buffer, ensure that RNase A was added. If RNase A added PD1 Buffer is out of date, add additional RNase A into PD1 Buffer to a concentration of 50 μg/ ml then store 4°C. 
 Too many bacterial cells were used, reducing sample volume. | 
| Smearing or degrading of Plasmid DNA 
 | Nuclease contamination | If used host cells have high nuclease activity (e.g., enA+ strains), perform the following optional Wash Step to remove residuary nuclease. a. After DNA Binding Step, add 400 μl of PDW Buffer into the PD Column and incubate for 2 minutes at room temperature. b. Centrifuge at full speed (~18,000 xg) for 30 seconds. c. Proceed to step 6.2. | 
| Plasmid DNA is not adequate for enzymatic digestions 
 | Eluted plasmid DNA contains residual ethanol | Make sure you have discarded the flow-through after washing with Wash Buffer (Step 6.2) and centrifuged for an additional 3 minutes (Step 7). | 
| Denatured Plasmid DNA migrate faster than supercoiled form during electrophoresis | Incubation in PD2 Buffer too long | Do not incubate the sample longer than 5 minute in PD2 Buffer | 
 
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